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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Electronic cigarette ： ウィキペディア英語版 Electronic cigarette An electronic cigarette is a battery-powered vaporizer which simulates the feeling of smoking, but without burning tobacco. The three main types of e-cigarettes are cigalikes, eGos, and MODs.〔 Their use is commonly called "vaping".〔 The user activates the e-cigarette by taking a puff or pressing a button.〔〔 They are often cylindrical, but come in many variations.〔 Some look like traditional cigarettes.〔 Most are reusable but there are also disposable versions called first generation cigalikes.〔 There are also second, third, and fourth generation devices.〔〔〔 Instead of cigarette smoke, the user inhales an aerosol, commonly called vapor. E-cigarettes typically have a heating element that atomizes a liquid solution known as e-liquid. E-liquids usually but not always contain propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings.〔〔〔〔 The benefits and the health risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain.〔〔 There is tentative evidence that they can help people quit smoking, but they have not been proven better than regulated medication.〔 A 2014 review found their usefulness in tobacco harm reduction is unclear,〔 but they have a potential to be part of the strategy to decrease tobacco related death and disease.〔〔 Their safety risk to users is similar to that of smokeless tobacco.〔 Regulated nicotine replacement products are safer than e-cigarettes,〔 but e-cigarettes are probably safer than smoking.〔 Non-smokers who use e-cigarettes risk nicotine addiction〔 and their use may delay or deter quitting smoking.〔 E-cigarettes create vapor consisting of ultrafine particles.〔 The vapor contains similar chemicals to the e-liquid, together with tiny amounts of toxicants and heavy metals.〔〔 The composition of the vapor varies across and within manufacturers.〔 E-cigarette vapor can contain harmful chemicals not found in tobacco smoke.〔 While later-generation e-cigarettes may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde than smoking,〔 reduced voltage e-cigarettes generate very low levels of formaldehyde.〔 Nicotine is associated with a range of harmful effects.〔 E-cigarette vapor contains fewer toxic substances than cigarette smoke.〔 It also has lower concentrations of potential toxic substances than cigarette smoke,〔 and is probably less harmful to users and bystanders.〔〔 No serious adverse effects from e-cigarettes have been reported in trials.〔 Less serious adverse effects include throat and mouth inflammation, vomiting, nausea, and cough.〔 The long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown.〔〔 Since their introduction to the market in 2004, global usage has risen exponentially.〔 , up to 10% of American high school students had used them at least once, and around 3.4% of American adults as of 2011.〔 In the UK user numbers have increased from 700,000 in 2012 to 2.6 million in 2015, but use by current smokers remained flat at 17.6% from 2014 into 2015 (in 2010 it was 2.7%). About 60% of UK users are smokers and about 40% are ex-smokers, while use among never-smokers remains "negligible".〔 Most US e-cigarette users still smoke traditional cigarettes.〔 Most peoples' reason for using e-cigarettes is related to quitting, but a considerable proportion use them recreationally.〔 There is no evidence e-cigarettes are regularly used by those who have never smoked.〔 The modern e-cigarette arose from a 2003 invention by Hon Lik in China〔 and as of 2015 most devices are made there.〔 Because of the potential relationship with tobacco laws and medical drug policies, e-cigarette legislation is being debated in many countries.〔〔 The European Parliament passed regulations in February 2014, to come into effect by 2016, standardizing liquids and personal vaporizers, listing ingredients, and child-proofing liquid containers.〔 The US FDA published proposed regulations in April 2014 with some similar measures. Manufacturers have increased advertising, using marketing techniques like those used to sell cigarettes in the 1950s and 1960s.〔 , there were 466 brands with sales of around $7 billion.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.who.int/nmh/events/2014/backgrounder-e-cigarettes/en/ )〕 ==Use== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Electronic cigarette」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.